Naruto [TV]
Abandoned
When a great demon fox attacked Hidden Leaf Village, a powerful man known as the 4th Hokage had sealed the demon inside a newborn named Naruto, who then grew up detested by his fellow Leaf villagers. As a child, Naruto is isolated from the Konoha community, who regards him as if he was the Nine-Tails.
30611 users added this.
Higurashi no Naku Koro ni [TV]
Abandoned
On June 1983, Keiichi Maebara moves with his family to Hinamizawa, a peaceful rural village. He quickly befriends his new schoolmates Rena Ryugu, Mion Sonozaki, Satoko Hojo, and Rika Furude, usually spending their leisure time playing board games.
4620 users added this.
Phantom ~ Requiem for the Phantom [TV]
ceruen gave it a
10.
Phantom of Inferno (Phantom ~ Requiem for the Phantom) is a story detailing the life of a 15-year-old Japanese boy who is kidnapped after witnessing the killing of a reporter. After being kidnapped his memories of his past life are erased and is given the choice to join Inferno or die.
1810 users added this.
Darker Than BLACK [TV]
ceruen gave it a
10.
Ten years ago, an inscrutable and abnormal territory known as Hell's Gate appeared in Tokyo, altering the sky and wreaking havoc on the landscape. The heavenly bodies disappeared, replaced by false stars.
7204 users added this.
Angel Beats! [TV]
ceruen gave it a
10.
Angel Beats! takes place in an afterlife high school, which acts as limbo for teenagers who have died and experienced traumas or hardships during their lifetime.
15733 users added this.
Wolf Children [Movie]
ceruen gave it a
10.
Nineteen-year-old college student Hana meets a young man who sneaks into her classes for lessons and falls in love with him immediately. They soon start dating.
1925 users added this.
Chobits [TV]
ceruen gave it a
10.
In an alternate version of the present day, we have computers known as Persocoms that can be designed to look like toy figures, animals, and even people. Our story focuses on one such Persocom named Chi and her new owner, Hideki Motosuwa, who is too broke to buy one and yet is lucky enough to have found Chi in the trash.
8275 users added this.
Teen Titans [TV]
ceruen gave it a
10.
The teen titans Robin, Raven, Starfire, Beast boy and Cyborg 5 superpowered teens use the powers to fight the forces of evil
2552 users added this.
Samurai Champloo [TV]
ceruen gave it a
10.
After accidentally killing a government official’s son in a fight, Mugen and Jin are seized, and are sentenced for execution. Fuu successfully saves the two warriors, and hires them to accompany her during her search for a samurai “who smells of sunflowers” which may lead to her father.
15081 users added this.
FLCL [TV]
ceruen gave it a
10.
Naota is a normal Japanese 6th grade boy, cynical about life and just wanting to be left alone. But his older brother leaves for America to play baseball, leaving his homeless 17 year old girlfriend Mamimi behind.
4842 users added this.
Black Cat [TV]
ceruen gave it a
10.
Ruthless and an unstoppable mercenary, Train Heartnet completes his jobs with deadly accuracy. Donning the nickname “Black Cat”, he works for a powerful underground secret organization called Chronos.
3335 users added this.
Violet Evergarden [TV]
ceruen gave it a
10.
The Great War finally came to an end after four long years of conflict; fractured in two, the continent of Telesis slowly began to flourish once again. Caught up in the bloodshed was Violet Evergarden, a young girl raised for the sole purpose of decimating enemy lines.
2408 users added this.
Tokyo Ghoul [TV]
ceruen gave it a
10.
The suspense horror/dark fantasy story is set in Tokyo, which is haunted by mysterious "ghouls" who are devouring humans. People are gripped by the fear of these ghouls whose identities are masked in mystery.
19926 users added this.
Bartender [TV]
ceruen gave it a
10.
Genius bartender, Ryu Sasakura makes the most incredible cocktails anyone has ever tasted. Seeking his "Glass of God", individuals from all different walks of life visit his bar.
304 users added this.
Spice and Wolf II: The Wolf and the Amber Melancholy [TV]
ceruen gave it a
10.
Continuing where the first series left off, it follows Kraft Lawrence a experienced traveling merchant and his sharp tongued wolf god companion Holo on their journey to return to Holo's home to the north called Yoitsu. A tender relationship has blossomed between the characters, as they make deals, travel between cities, encounter religious fanatics or vice versa and mostly just do what a traveling merchant has to do to get by.
978 users added this.
No Game No Life [TV]
ceruen gave it a
10.
Sora and Shiro are a pair of siblings, brother and sister, who are well known as brilliant. Yet they are NEETs - useless to society, and (Not in Education, Employment, or Training) - and even worse they are completely house-locked shut-ins (hikikomori!
12115 users added this.
Darker than BLACK - Episode 26 [OVA]
ceruen gave it a
10.
A side story of Darker than BLACK, also known as Episode 26. A Contractor was killed and it was rumored that his corpse and possessions were buried under a Sakura tree.
2371 users added this.
Darker Than BLACK: Gemini of the Meteor [TV]
ceruen gave it a
10.
Hei and Yin are now on the run after betraying the Syndicate in the previous season. After leaving Japan, Hei encounters Suou Pavlichenko, a 13-year-old Eurasian girl who becomes embroiled in the war and politics of the various factions and Contractors vying for power.
2434 users added this.
Psycho-Pass [TV]
ceruen gave it a
10.
The series takes place in the near future, when it is possible to instantaneously measure and quantify a person's state of mind and personality. This information is recorded and processed, and the term "Psycho-Pass" refers to a standard used to measure an individual's being.
5209 users added this.
Ai Yori Aoshi [TV]
ceruen gave it a
10.
One day, Hanabishi Kaoru, second year university student, came across a young woman in a kimono who seemed distressed. She was searching for a certain person whom she had not met in years.
788 users added this.
Dimension W [TV]
ceruen gave it a
10.
In the future, Nikola Tesla's dream of a 'World System' of electricity is realized. Cords and batteries are a thing of the past, and now people can directly draw energy using devices known as 'coils.
277 users added this.
[K] Project [TV]
ceruen gave it a
10.
Set in a world where history has taken a slightly different course from the one we're familiar with, K follows the story of a young boy whose life is caught in a psychic war between seven kings. The "GoRA Project" group is creating K with the anime studio GoHands.
1884 users added this.
Rec [TV]
ceruen gave it a
10.
Matsumaru Fumihiko is an average salaryman with no girlfriend. He invited his colleague Miss Tanaka to a movie but was stood up.
247 users added this.
madan no ou to vanadis [TV]
ceruen gave it a
10.
Lord Marksman and Vanadis is set a parallel universe version of Europe. It is divided into five kingdoms: Asvarre (?
162 users added this.
Spice and Wolf [TV]
ceruen gave it a
10.
While visiting a town a peddler named Kraft Lawrence meets the local god known as Holo the Wise Wolf. She asks if he would take her to her home up north and many adventures happen along the way.
6170 users added this.
Toradora! [TV]
ceruen gave it a
10.
It’s a new school year and Ryuuji Takasu discovers not only is he in the same class as his best friend, Yusaku Kitamura, but also Minori Kukshieda whom he's had an undisclosed crush on for quite some time.
Ryuuji, the main character, runs into Aisaka Taiga who happens to live next door.
14508 users added this.
Darker than Black - Kuro no Keiyakusha: Gaiden (OAV) [OVA]
ceruen gave it a
10.
After the incidents in Tokyo, Hei and Yin try to bury their past and start a new life, but everywhere they go someone seems to be following them. Unaware to Hei, Yin's current odd behavior appears to be related to a prophecy that might lead to the end of the world.
226 users added this.
Hyper Police [TV]
ceruen gave it a
9.
The anime takes place in the year 22 HC (Holy Century). Although theoretically about the competition of rival private police corporations (licensed bounty hunting firms) in an Earth where humanity is in danger of extinction, in actuality it focuses more on the lives of the main characters.
145 users added this.
Log Horizon [TV]
ceruen gave it a
9.
By its eleventh expansion pack, the massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) Elder Tale has become a global success, having a following of millions of players. However, during the release of its twelfth expansion pack: Novasphere Pioneers, thirty thousand Japanese gamers who are all logged on at the time of the update, suddenly find themselves transported inside the game world and donning their in-game avatars.
4083 users added this.
Koutetsujou no Kabaneri [TV]
ceruen gave it a
9.
Koutetsujou no Kabaneri, otherwise known as Kabaneri of the Iron Fortress, is a post-apocalyptic steam-punk action survival anime series. Produced by the same studio as Attack on Titan, Kabaneri of the Iron Fortress premiered on Fuji TV's Noitamina block and aired a total of 12 episodes from April 8, 2016 to June 30, 2016.
2933 users added this.
Tsubasa Chronicles [TV]
ceruen gave it a
9.
During an excavation at a mysterious ruin within the Clow Kingdom, young archeologist Syaoran is surprised by the presence of his childhood friend and Clow’s princess, Sakura. She appears with wings, which disintegrates and takes her memories with it.
1920 users added this.
Recovery of an MMO Junkie [TV]
ceruen gave it a
9.
For the first time since graduating high school, 30-year-old Moriko Morioka is unemployed—and she couldn't be happier. Having quit her long-standing job of over 11 years, Moriko quickly turns to online games to pass her now-plentiful free time, reinventing herself as the handsome and dashing male hero "Hayashi" in the MMO Fruits de Mer.
367 users added this.
Trinity Blood [TV]
ceruen gave it a
9.
After the unsustainable growth of the human population on Earth, the United Nations has opted to colonize Mars. During this expedition, the humans discovered two alien technologies: The Bacillus virus and the Crusnik nanomachines.
4235 users added this.
Soul Eater [TV]
ceruen gave it a
9.
Shibusen, standing for Death Weapon Meister Academy (DWMA) the technical school for Reaper Armsmasters that operates from the deepest recesses of all the corners of the world, in order to prevent the second coming of the so-called Demon God who is feared upon bringing destruction of all humankind and envelop the world with nothing but madness and darkness. The reaper built this agency for weapons and for those who will be trained to wield them.
25795 users added this.
Kimi No Na Wa [Your Name] [Movie]
ceruen gave it a
9.
Kimi No Na Wa (2016)
The story is set one month after a comet has fallen for the first time in a thousand years in Japan. Mitsuha, a high school girl living in the countryside, wants to live in the city because she is tired of life in the country.
4601 users added this.
Buso Renkin [TV]
ceruen gave it a
9.
The story begins when high school student Kazuki Muto is killed one night saving a mysterious girl from a monster, only to wake up in his school dorm, believing it to have been a dream. However, he soon finds out that dream wasn't a dream at all when a giant serpentine monster attacks him and his sister.
1206 users added this.
Cowboy Bebop [TV]
ceruen gave it a
9.
See You Space Cowboy is the titular theme of this space odyssey action show, Cowboy Bebop. Earning bounty rewards is one of the few profitable jobs outside of crime in the solar system - and Spike and Jet are just doing their work as they get mixed up with even more interesting people.
16457 users added this.
Dance in the Vampire Bund [TV]
ceruen gave it a
9.
Mina Tepes, the Princess of the ancient covenant and ruler of all vampires, wants her race to stop hiding from the humans. Using her vast wealth, she has paid off Japan's entire national debt and by doing so, gained the right to create a district off Japan's coast that is to become the future haven to vampires worldwide.
2256 users added this.
Kaze No Stigma [TV]
ceruen gave it a
9.
A man name Kazuma returns to his home town after four years due to him being disowned from his family becuase he could not practice fire magic but returns as a wind magic user. Then decides to do jobs for the Kannagi family and people from his past return and secrets are revealed.
5337 users added this.
Assassination Classroom [TV]
ceruen gave it a
9.
Assassination Classroom is all about one thing - Assasination! Based on a Japanese manga science fiction comedy series written and illustrated by Yusei Matsui.
7291 users added this.
Genshiken [TV]
ceruen gave it a
9.
The story follows an introvert college freshman named Kanji Sasahara, who was just looking for a place to belong to. During club day on his university, he decides to join a club that he will actually enjoy, hoping that he will fit in.
1641 users added this.
Eden of the East [TV]
ceruen gave it a
8.
On November 22, 2010 ten missiles strike Japan. However, this unprecedented terrorist act, later to be known as "Careless Monday," does not result in any apparent victims, and is soon forgotten by almost everyone.
3636 users added this.
Samurai Deeper Kyo [TV]
ceruen gave it a
8.
During the epic battle of Sekigahara, two samurai face off outside of history. The heated duel between Kyoshiro and Demon Eyes Kyo is interrupted when a falling star slams into the plains shattering the ground and engulfing both of them.
1089 users added this.
Moonphase [TV]
ceruen gave it a
8.
Morioka Kouhei wants to become a photographer. Unfortunately, he has the tendency to unintentionally capture the images of ghosts on film.
445 users added this.
Baka and Test [TV]
ceruen gave it a
8.
A hilarious Slap stick comedy with plenty of transgenders and occasional raunchy themes. Shonen Ai and Hentai~ Who would have thought it was possible?
4360 users added this.
Shakugan no Shana [TV]
ceruen gave it a
8.
Set in the city of Misaki, Japan, Shakugan no Shana (Translated as Burning-Eyed Shana) is a story involved in the disputes of those from a parallel universe called the Crimson Realm. It largely focuses on Yuji Sakai, an average Japanese high school boy, who gets thrown in the Crimson Realm’s conflict by the accident.
5915 users added this.
Blood Blockade Battlefront [TV]
ceruen gave it a
8.
Blood Blockade Battlefront centers around the crime fighting organization "Libra" and their battles in Hellsalem's Lot, formerly known as New York City. Hellsalem's Lot was created when a portal to the "Beyond" opened, becoming a paranormal melting pot of monsters, magic and the everyday mundane life, and it is up to Libra to clear the streets of trouble and prevent the horrors of this city from spreading to the outside world.
240 users added this.
Blood+ [TV]
ceruen gave it a
8.
In a strange time there is a war that never stops - inn world where flesh-eating monsters are roaming the streets, only one organization has the means to save the world from the Chiropterans and total destruction: Red Shield. These Chiropterans can change their form and disguise as human beings, but they are not.
4154 users added this.
Bleach [TV]
ceruen gave it a
8.
Kurosaki Ichigo is not your average, everyday 15-year-old high school student. He has from as far he can remember always had the ability to see ghosts and spirits.
25059 users added this.
Trigun [TV]
ceruen gave it a
8.
Known for its Space Western theme, Trigun is about a man named "Vash the Stampede" and the two Bernardelli Insurance Society employees who follow him around in order to minimize the damages inevitably caused by his appearance. Most of the damage attributed to Vash is actually caused by bounty hunters in pursuit of the "60,000,000,000$$" (sixty billion "double dollars") bounty on Vash's head for the destruction of the city of July.
10451 users added this.
Tsukuyomi: Moon Phase [TV]
ceruen gave it a
8.
The story is about the relationship between freelance photographer Kouhei Morioka and Hazuki, a teenager who descends from a royal vampire lineage. At the beginning of the story, Kouhei travels to a castle in Germany to take photographs of paranormal phenomena for his friend Hiromi, who is the editor of an occult magazine.
494 users added this.
Natsume Yuujinchou [TV]
ceruen gave it a
8.
For as long as he can remember, Takashi Natsume has had the supernatural ability to interact spirits, a power he had inherited from his grandmother Reiko Natsume. Due to this strange power, Takashi had been ostracized by the other kids, and he was passed from one relative to another.
1108 users added this.
Dagashi Kashi [TV]
ceruen gave it a
8.
Kokonotsu Shikada dreams of becoming a famous manga artist. Problem is, he’s terrible.
330 users added this.
Eve no Jikan [Special]
ceruen gave it a
8.
In the near future, probably in Japan, long after robots have been put to practical use, and not so long since human-type robots, or androids have appeared.<br/><br/>Due to the Robot Ethical Committee, people take it for granted to treat robots as electronic appliances.
342 users added this.
Rosario+Vampire [TV]
ceruen gave it a
7.
Failure Human Tsukune is unexpectedly put into a school for monsters, where he meets the cute vampire Moka. He later meets succubus, Kurumu, a young witch genius, Yukari, an ice girl, Mizore, and Ruby a second older Witch Adept, Ruby.
4638 users added this.
Rosario + Vampire [TV]
ceruen gave it a
7.
Tsukune is just beginning high school. Devastated he cannot move on, his father gets him into a school no one has heard of, by "Picking up an admission form" from a man who dropped it in the street.
3867 users added this.
The Devil is a Part-Timer! [TV]
ceruen gave it a
7.
Devil King Sadao is only one step away from conquering the world when he is beaten by Hero Emilia and forced to drift to the other world: modern-day Tokyo. As "conquering the world" are the only skills the Devil King possesses—and are obviously unnecessary in his new situation—he must work as a freeter to pay for his living expenses!
3971 users added this.
Rozen Maiden [TV]
ceruen gave it a
7.
Due to a deep trauma at school Sakurada Jun has refused to return. He spends his time in his room, surfing the web and ordering anything that takes his fancy, only to return the items just before payment is due.
1350 users added this.
Baki the Grappler [TV]
ceruen gave it a
7.
Hanma Baki, son of the strongest grappler in the world, is trying to claim his father's throne. To do so he has to fight many; making lots of friends and enemies in the process.
1124 users added this.
Ladies versus Butlers! [TV]
ceruen gave it a
7.
* Based on a light novel series by <i>Kouzuki Tsukasa</i> with illustrations by <i>Munyuu</i>. <br/><br/>The school romantic comedy revolves around <a href="http://anidb.
676 users added this.
The Devil is a Part-Timer [TV]
ceruen gave it a
7.
The Demon Lord and one of his generals, Alciel, escape Ente Isla through a portal to modern Tokyo, Japan after being confronted by the Hero Emilia Justina and her companions. However, due to the lack of magic in the modern contemporary world, both the Demon Lord and Alciel change into forms representing what they would look like if they were human.
1746 users added this.
He is My Master [TV]
ceruen gave it a
7.
Yoshitaka Nakabayashi, a 14-year-old millionaire who got this huge inheritance after his parents died in an accident, found himself needed to be taken care of and tried to hire live-in maids to do the job. Two runaway girls, Izumi Sawatari and her younger sister Mitsuki, stumped into Nakabayashi's mansion and got hired by Yoshitaka immediately, for Yoshitaka is not only a rich boy but also a pervert with uniform fetishes, who wants to be addressed as goshujin-sama (master).
1507 users added this.
Baka to Test to Shoukanjuu [TV]
ceruen gave it a
6.
It is a comedy about a school that segregates students based on how well they do academically, with the class with the smartest students in class A, the dumbest in class F. The students can compete for each others classrooms by having summoning wars, with the hp of their summoned beings being determined by their scores.
1639 users added this.
Gankutsuou [TV]
ceruen gave it a
6.
While loosely based on the French novel Le Comte de Monte-Cristo, the story takes place on the far future, during the 51st century, year 5053. Although it retained some elements from 19th century France, the show is mostly dominated by futuristic concepts.
797 users added this.
Black Butler [TV]
ceruen gave it a
6.
Thee story of Black Butler follows one wealthy young aristocrat, Ciel Phantomhive, and his demond butler Sebastian, who is known as One Hell of a Butler. Just a stone's throw away from London lies the manor house of the illustrious Phantomhive earldom and its young master, Ciel Phantomhive.
11956 users added this.
Shuffle! [TV]
ceruen gave it a
6.
The world as we know it was suddenly altered forever when the door for the dimension of the gods and the door of the dimension of the demons suddenly opened up. Ten years later, a boy named Tsuchimi Rin was entrusted with two princesses from those dimensions.
2145 users added this.
Ouran High School Host Club [TV]
ceruen gave it a
6.
Haruhi Fujioka is searching for nothing more than a quiet place to study in the most elite high school academy in all of Japan when she stumbles across the mysterious third music room. Inside she encounters six beautiful men, the members of the host club.
13793 users added this.
Freezing [TV]
ceruen gave it a
5.
Set in a slightly futuristic world, Earth has been invaded and is at war with aliens from another dimension called the Nova. In order to counter them, Pandoras and Limiters, genetically modified girls with super fighting skills and their male partners who use special "freezing" powers to limit their opponent's mobility, are made to fight against the Nova.
1278 users added this.
Basilisk [TV]
ceruen gave it a
5.
The year is 1614 AD. Two warring ninja clans, each supporting a son of Hidetada Tokugawa as the next shogun, send ten representatives each to fight to the death for the possession of a scroll.
1341 users added this.
The Rising of the Shield Hero [TV]
In Progress
Naofumi Iwatani was summoned into a parallel world along with three other people to become the world's Heroes. Each of the heroes were respectively equipped with their own legendary equipment when summoned.
2860 users added this.
The King's Avatar [TV]
In Progress
aka: Quan Zhi Gao Shou
Widely regarded as a trailblazer and top-tier professional player in the online multiplayer game Glory, Ye Xiu is dubbed the "Battle God" for his skills and contributions to the game over the years. However, when forced to retire from the team and to leave his gaming career behind, he finds work at a nearby internet café.
272 users added this.
One Piece [TV]
In Progress
There once was a man named Gold Rodger, a pirate, and he was given the glorious title: ‘King of the Pirates’ for possessing the legendary treasure, One Piece. He had fame, fortune, and power, until one day, he caught and brought to the execution tower to be executed.
23744 users added this.
Toriko [TV]
In Progress
In the world of Toriko, many extravagant and delicious ingredients exist in the most dangerous places, and it is up to the Bishoku-ya, or Gourmet Food Providers, to hunt down these animals and plants in the face of danger. Toriko is one such Bishoku-ya, taking his place as one of the Four Heavenly Kings of Bishoku-ya with his immense strength and appetite.
418 users added this.
Gintama [TV]
In Progress
It's not your typical shonen. You might be wondering, what’s Gintoki’s end goal here?
5530 users added this.
Fairy Tail [TV]
In Progress
A young sorceress, Lucy Heartfilia, travels to the land of Fiore to join the magical Fairy Tail Guild. Along the way, she meets Natsu Dragneel, a teenage boy looking for a dragon named Igneel.
21352 users added this.
Clannad [TV]
In Progress
Tomoya is labelled as a delinquent at his school because he is constantly late and skips classes, but he seems to have little care about how others perceive of him. Everything in his life seemed dull and unchanging until one morning he meets Nagisa Furukawa on the road to his school; he finds her muttering to herself to give her more motivation for the school day.
13594 users added this.
Mushishi [TV]
In Progress
They are neither plants nor animals. They differ from other forms of life such as micro-organisms and fungi.
2133 users added this.
D.Gray-Man [TV]
In Progress
Set in a fictional 19th century world, D.Gray-Man tells the story of 15 year old Allen Walker, a boy who roams the earth in search of innocence.
7230 users added this.
Genshiken 2 [TV]
In Progress
The Society for the Study of Modern Visual Culture, otherwise known as Genshiken, is now under the supervision of a more confident Sasahara. Things have changed in between semesters, and the otaku club now has a new otaku-hating member named Ogiue.
898 users added this.
Eureka Seven [TV]
In Progress
The series was directed by Kyoda Tomoki and is produced by Studio Bones, known for the production of many hits such as Wolf’s Rain, Fullmetal Alchemist: Brotherhood, Mob Psycho 100, and Boku no Hero Academia. In Japan, it is known as Psalms of the Planet: Eureka Seven, and is stylized simply as Eureka Seven internationally.
6741 users added this.
Shakugan no Shana II [TV]
In Progress
Shana, and Alastor Lord of the Crimson Realm, continue to do battle with the Denizens, who are trying to steal the Power of Existence from mortals. In the last battle, Yuji is revealed to be a mystes, a “torch” of nearly unlimited Power of Existence.
3015 users added this.
Great Teacher Onizuka [TV]
In Progress
Tough on the outside, all heart on the inside, Onizuka turned to the life of a high school teacher for less excitement and action..
6619 users added this.
Hayate the Combat Butler!! [TV]
In Progress
Hayate Ayasaki is an unfortunate young boy whose parents have a serious gambling addiction. Despite working really hard and trying to make ends meet, Hayate was abandoned by his parents and left him an overwhelming 150 million yen of debt to the Yakuza.
1335 users added this.
Sayonara Zetsubou Sensei [TV]
In Progress
Sayonara Zetsubou Sensei is a slice-of-life "comedy":https://ani.me/anime/comedy featuring a high school teacher, Itoshiki Nozomu.
1448 users added this.
A Silent Voice [Movie]
Planned
Shōya Ishida walks along a bridge, contemplating suicide. He flashbacks to his elementary school days when his teacher introduces a new student, Shōko Nishimiya, who is deaf.
3951 users added this.
Supernatural [TV]
Planned
Based on the live-action CW show Supernatural, the anime will be a 22-episode season that will cover the storyline of the live-action version's first two seasons.
The anime project will not only remake the best episodes from the live-action version, but also depict original episodes not seen in the live-action version.
58 users added this.