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verucassault
They don't really explain the hows in this article, but it's an interesting read anyway. The potential to create a vaccine for HIV, or to treat it, cancer, other diseases has to do with the mRNA sequencing. https://abc7chicago.com/mrna-covid-vaccine-pfizer-moderna/10734145/ "When the Chinese released the sequence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, we started the process of making RNA the next day. A couple weeks later, we were injecting animals with the vaccine." Although it sounded revolutionary, the idea was far from new to Weissman, Kariko and others. "In my lab, we have been working on vaccines for years. We have five Phase 1 clinical trials that we started before Covid hit," said Weissman, whose work with Kariko helped lead to Pfizer/BioNTech's coronavirus vaccine. "They been delayed because of the pandemic. The plan is to complete them next year." Two of these experimental vaccines target influenza, including one Weissman hopes will be a so-called universal influenza vaccine -- one that will protect against rapidly mutating strains of flu, and perhaps offer people years of protection with a single shot, eliminating the need for fresh immunizations each flu season. They are also working on two vaccines against the human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV, that causes AIDS, and one to prevent genital herpes. Researchers have also studied mRNA vaccines to fight Ebola, Zika, rabies and cytomegalovirus. Another possible target: respiratory syncytial virus. RSV infects most people in babyhood, and it can put fragile infants into the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). It kills an estimated 100-500 children a year, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates -- but it kills an estimated 14,000 adults, mostly over age 65. "It infects everyone by age 2," said Jason McLellan, a structural biologist and Robert A. Welch Chair in Chemistry at The University of Texas at Austin whose work underlies several coronavirus vaccines. One obstacle will be finding the best version of the viruses. McLellan specializes in finding just the right conformation of the target viral structures that will allow the human immune system to best recognize and build defenses against them. GlaxoSmithKline and Pfizer are both working on that, he said. A different common cold virus called human metapneumovirus, which can cause pneumonia in adults and children alike, is another potential target for a vaccine, McLellan said. Again, ongoing work helped speed development of coronavirus vaccines, McLellan said. In this case, work on the original 2003-2004 severe acute respiratory syndrome, or SARS, virus and Middle East respiratory, or MERS, virus helped researchers understand which version of the knoblike structure found on the outside of the virus, called the spike protein, to use in making vaccines. "We figured out how to stabilize coronavirus spikes back in 2016, so we had all the knowledge ready when Covid-19 emerged," McLellan said. It was ready to go "within hours," he said. Other potential vaccines include malaria, tuberculosis and rare viruses such as Nipah virus, Weissman said -- all made more possible by the mRNA technology. Effective vaccines against these infections have eluded scientists for various reasons. Weissman's lab is now working on a universal coronavirus vaccine that would protect against Covid-19, SARS, MERS, coronavirus that cause the common cold -- and future strains. "We started working on a pan-coronavirus vaccine last spring," Weissman said. "There have been three coronavirus epidemics in the past 20 years. There are going to be more." And the mRNA vaccines work very well. "We knew in mice and monkeys and rabbits and pigs and chickens that it was very potent," Weissman said. The Pfizer vaccine, he said, produces an antibody response that is five time bigger than what's seen in people who have recovered from infection.
verucassault
https://www.poz.com/article/scientists-working-mrna-vaccines-hiv-flu-cancer The mRNA vaccine approach uses lipid nanoparticles, or fat bubbles, to deliver bits of genetic material that encode instructions for making proteins. The COVID-19 vaccine, for example, delivers blueprints for making SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins, which the coronavirus uses to enter human cells. When the vaccine is injected into a muscle, the cells act as factories to produce the proteins, which trigger an immune response. The mRNA degrades quickly in the body and does not alter human genes. But the drawback of this approach is that mRNA is fragile and unstable, making it hard to work with, store and transport—as seen with the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine that must be kept at an ultracold temperature of minus 94° Fahrenheit. Experimental HIV Vaccines Moderna is working on two mRNA HIV vaccine candidates. The first, known as mRNA-1644, is being developed in collaboration with the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. A Phase I trial is expected to start this year. The second, called mRNA-1574, is being evaluated in collaboration with the National Institutes of Health (NIH), which also collaborated on Moderna’s COVID-19 vaccine (mRNA-1273). At last summer’s virtual International AIDS Conference, NIH and Moderna researchers reported promising results from a study of an experimental mRNA HIV vaccine approach in monkeys. Over the course of a year, 16 macaques received vaccines that contained mRNA encoding envelope proteins from three types of HIV found in different regions of the world along with Gag proteins from SIV, a related simian virus. These blueprints induced the monkeys’ cells to produce virus-like particles that stimulate an immune response. Some animals also received booster shots containing stabilized envelope proteins. The vaccines triggered production of neutralizing antibodies that bind to envelope proteins, which HIV uses to enter cells. The monkeys then received repeated rectal administrations of SHIV, a human-simian hybrid virus, in an effort to mimic sexual exposure. The vaccine offered “significant protection,” according to the researchers. Of the seven monkeys that received the most effective vaccine combination, three did not become infected, and infection was delayed in the other four. Employing another strategy, Drew Weissman, MD, PhD, and colleagues at the University of Pennsylvania designed an mRNA that encodes a neutralizing antibody that targets HIV, known as VRC01. In an early study, a single injection of the mRNA protected humanized mice against HIV infection. Gene-based strategies for HIV prevention, including mRNA approaches, will be the topic of a session at the upcoming HIV Research for Prevention (HIVR4P) Conference.
hell_hound7
So from what i can gather is they have been working on coronavirus vaccines for other coronaviruses and the one they just so happened to not have a vaccine for was the one commonly found in bats. Based off previous research they were able to replicate a vaccine using the spike proteins from the virus itself. The delay of the vaccine probably came from the inability to determine what virus is was and where it cane from. Which to no help of the chinese government, was something they could have came with way earlier in the pandemic. But its all just too convenient. These guys come to the rescue having years worth of data, for a virus that seemingly came out of no where. I mean i cant complain if it gets us out of this dumb pandemic. But the fact they are making really deadly diseases and endangering lives of millions is kind of scary.
hell_hound7
The puppet stood up to its master? Biden bans chinese companies linked to chinese military? https://amp.cnn.com/cnn/2021/06/03/economy/biden-china-executive-order/index.html https://i.imgflip.com/vn6ah.jpg
hell_hound7
Yes, please arrest all of these guys. Fauci, Andrew cuomo all of these guys. Its crazy how Trump was touted as this bad dude yet the dems have people like this. Then that one democrat who was drunk as hell in the middle of work. Like these are the people we elected to represent us. Shameless. https://youtu.be/tKZPJlNp2gU
hell_hound7
Day 175 of clown show administration https://youtu.be/1wvwYU1x_jo "Black entrepreneurs are just as capable as white entrepreneurs" They just cant afford a lawyer? What kind of brain dead logic...you know what im not even
verucassault
https://youtu.be/D7hi7BMbKdA
mugiwaramaster
I’ll just throw this out here. I just don’t want to be associated with Democrats or Republicans at all. You don’t know which of them are right, you don’t know who is more legit, and the constant toxicity between both sides. Makes me glad I live as an independent without any need to please anyone’s political interests. Seeing enough of the drama on Facebook between actual friends because of Trump was enough to make me despise the two parties as a whole.
hell_hound7
Neither party is right sadly, there are too many issues on both sides. Republicans have their fair share of issues. This isnt so much about who is pro or anti trump. Its about who has the best interests in America. As of late you can see which party was looking out for Americans and their best interest. Albiet you have people like Mitch McConnell who is republican and didnt want to give Americans a single cent for the stimmy checks when they needed it. Neither party is absolutely good. Just one party is worse than the other currently and as a result many americans are suffering. But you know once a good handful of people hated trump all those fell in line because they cant think for themselves. When trump wasnt the real issue it was those around him.
hell_hound7
This dude made me laugh, actually its people like this that make me realize things i wasnt thinking before. How tf do we carry solar panels into a war anyway? Like critical thinking moment. Like if navy seals are conducting a mission at NIGHT what good is solar panels? If you need energy for your equipment right away. How does a solar panel help? Your enemy isnt gonna wait for you to get all environmentally friendly before battle. https://youtu.be/jVCEqGDoW0M
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